(1st published 2003.@Rev. 19 Sep 2011)
”ZŠó˜IŒê¥ˆêŽí21¢‹I“IlHš یꌾ.‘´âiˆ×úWSAAnúW¡
úWŽåŒê+“®ŽŒ+•oŒêúW ‹yúWŽåŒê+•oŒê+“®ŽŒúW™_Ží‹åŒ^“s›¢‰—•W€‹åŒ^,•ÀŠŽ™_ŽÒŠÒ”\夠‘ŠŒÝŒðŠ·Žg—p¡
每ŒÂl‰ÂˆÈ‘I¢—pŽ©ŒÈŠŠìŸc“I‹åŒ^is˜ð˜b˜a椛,Œê–@Šù‹ï‰È›{«–”ŠÈšdˆÕ¶ˆ¬¡
WŒê–@Œ÷”\‰—ˆêé““IŠî–{ŽŒœb—L‘å–ñ550ŒÂ(‘´’†Åd—v“IŽŒœb—L50ŒÂ,d—v熜b—L100ŒÂ)¡
”ZŠó˜Iš Û•W€ŽŒœbŒ»Ý‹¤—L12200ŒÂ¡ŽŒœb›æ—L•”Žñ,ˆöŸ‰Â’ʉߕ”Žñ„‘ªo‘å’v“IŠÜˆÓ¡
”ZŠó˜Iš Û•W€ŽŒœb‰ÂˆÈ—p‘´‘¼Ž©‘RŒêŒ¾(—á”@Š¿ŒêA“úŒêA‰pŒêAúºŒêA–@ŒêAˆó’nŒêAŠØŒê“™)is’uŠ·¡
ᢖ¾ŽÒˆ×Š¿’mŒêŒ¾›{˜ð˜ðˆõ,lHŒêŒ¾›{˜ð˜ðˆõ(‰Á—˜•Ÿ“ò˜±‘å›{),Œ´“ú’†—FD‹¦˜ð˜ðˆõ.–Ú‘Oq‹–|桇ìl¡
”ZŠó˜IŒêᢖ¾ŽÒ, …“c˜Y¡
Š¦õˆÈ‹yí—p“I•\’B
œŠ¦õ
‘ˆÀ HAU [hau] Œ¹Ž©fžh“ƒŒê (fžh“ƒˆ×”üš “y’˜•”—Ž”Vˆê)¡
晚ˆÀ BOnSOWAA [bon suo Wā]Œ¹Ž©–@Œê¡
Ž¸”†ˆê‰º DAMIHI [da mi hi] Œ¹Ž©f’šŒê¡
›”,¥™Þ NA [na] Œ¹Ž©ŠóäcŒê¡
i’j–ç—p‰—•\’BúW›”,¥ú喔! úWˆ½úW›”,›ßãS“ž—¹喔úW
‹±Šì MABLUK [ma bu lū ke] Œ¹Ž©ˆ¢f”ŒŒê¡
”ä”@•\’BúWV”N‰õžÙúWŽž,—p‘æ1—Þ‹åŒê–@“I˜b,¥NOI SAAL AB MABLUK;—p‘æ2—ÞŽž,‘¥Ì¬MABLUK
ABL NOI SAAL¡
’A¥,•sŽg—pCüŒêŽ§’Zkˆ×MABLUK NOI SAAL–ç‰ÂˆÈ¡(”‡žé,‘æ1A2—Þ“IŒ`Ž®A‘Š“¯—¹)
ŽÓŽÓ
ASAnTE [a
sang tei]
Œ¹Ž©“Œ”ñŒê
”ñ튴ŽÓASAnTE,KAMSA [kam sa]Œ¹Ž©’©‘NŒê¡
i’j–ç‰ÂˆÈ—p“®ŽŒKAMSAS
•s‹qŸ†
PARAKAALO [pa
ra kā lo]
Œ¹Ž©ŠóäcŒê¡
D“I,é“–Ê“I GUT [gū te]
Œ¹Ž©úºŒê¡ALIn [a lin] ŠW‹u˜±Œê (ˆó‰ÁŒê)–ç‰Â¡
•Ûd
SMAKKLyANA [si
ma ke lia na]
Œ¹Ž©ŠW‹u˜±Œê¡
ÄŒ©(“Ad) KWAHELI [ke
wa hei li]
Œ¹Ž©“Œ”ñŒê¡
ÄŒ©(笈Ó) ABIAnTO [a biang to] Œ¹Ž©–@Œê¡
ŸcŒ} WELKAM [weir com] Œ¹Ž©‰pŒê¡
›”•s‹N IZCINII [yiz vi nī ] Œ¹Ž©‰âŒê¡–ç‰Â—pSOORII [suō ruī] (‰pŒê)¡
”ñí•øŸ] IZVINITIE [yiz vi nī tiē ] Œ¹Ž©‰âŒê¡SOORII [suō ruī] (‰pŒê)–ç‰Â
‰Á–û YEELA [yēla]
•úé A‹Žó QAAMO [chā muo]
QAAMO
Japan(ˆ½NIHOn)•\Ž¦úWj你Ý“ú–{Šß“¾ŠJSúW¡‰Â›”˜Ò“ú–{“IŠOš —V‹q說¡
QAAMO
IXEL [yi xie lu]•\Ž¦úW‹ŽólŽŽúW,ŠÜ—LúW•s—v‰ß‰—‹Ù’£úW”VˆÓ¡
QAAMO
CEEKA [xiē ka] •\Ž¦úWDD‹—p咖啡úW¡
NA
CEEKA‘¥•\Ž¦úW”‡¥(你—v“I)咖啡“IˆÓŽv¡”c咖啡•úÝ桌ãŒã,‘ü說NAúW¿—púW–ç‰ÂˆÈ¡•s˜_—p‘æ1A2—Þ’†“I“ߎíŒ`Ž®“s‘Š“¯“I¡
j你D‰^ GUTENAAS [gū tei nā si]
j(你)D‰^ GUTEPOOL [gū tei pōl] (²脫¢‹«) _•Û—C(你)
AHA GATEE [a
ha ga tei] (M_“IlŠ說)
˜ð”ím‹~
AHUL GATEE [a hūl ga tei] (‘ŠŠr‰—_,X‘ŠM‰F’ˆ“IˆÓŽu,ˆ½••Õ“Iˆ¤.úº“IlŠ說)
‰Âˆ¤
POONA [pō na]
‘½›õ‰Âˆ¤
SOO POONA [sō pō na]
“¯î APSIAALE [a pe siā lei]
߈£‡Ì KOnDOLAATI [kong duo lā ti] (—Ll‹Ž¢›”¨辦‘’âX“IŽålˆ½ˆâ›¢Š說“I˜b)
‹Ž吧/˜ô吧 XPAADA [shu pā da]
ˆê“ñŽO (š^Œûåj)
WAn NI SAM [wang ni sam] (É“žŽOŽž‘å‰Æˆêꎗp—Í)
—a”õcêŽ REDII DAn [rei dī dang] (æÎ跑“™Žž)
—¹‰ð/Œ´˜Ò”@Ÿ SEAn [sei ang] (‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“II see)
âc“™ IDyUTE [yi diū tei] (‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“Iwait a minute)
âc“™D嗎? ? IDyUTEBL [ei yi diū tei bo er] (ݘð˜b’†,?“Iᢉ¹‰ÂˆÈk—ªˆ×ei)
D‘œ•s¥”‡žé
NNN [en en en] (N‰z‘½‹^–⊴‰z‹)
–”Œ©“ž你—¹
SAIIn [sa yīng] (ˆÈˆ×‘–“I•ûŒü•s“¯•”˜ðÄ碰“ž,Ÿ“‘z“žc.)
呦,哎™ÞcLE/LELE
[lei/lei/lei]
(’) ˆÈã絕‘å•”•ª‰ÂˆÈì•›ŽŒšdàÕŽg—p,’A¥›”‰—úW‹±ŠìúWAúWŽÓŽÓúWAúW›”•s‹NúW“™,‘命É‰ºŠÒ¥說´‘^“ž’ꥈח¹r›õŽ–”äŠrD¡”‡ŽžŒó,œäŠY—pCüŽŒ(AB/ABL) ¡”‡Ží‰º,‘æ1—Þ˜a‘æ2—Þ“IŒê˜¥‘Š”½“I¡Žg—pQAAM (•úé ,‹Žó)Žž,ÝQAAMO”VŒã›ã•oŒê‘¦‰Â,Å‹å––¥”Û‰Áã!—R椛ŽÒŽ©sŒˆ’è¡’A¥Žg—pAPSIAALEˆ½KOnDOLAATI“IŽžŒó,ˆê”Ê•s‰Á¡IDyUTEˆê”ÊÝe–§“Išì”º”VŠÔŽg—p¡”ä”@說˜VŽtu‰ÛŽž內—eˆêŽž—‰ð•s—¹,ˆ½Œê‘¬‰ß‰õŽž,œäŠY›”˜VŽt說PLIIME IDyUS (¿“™ˆê‰º)ˆ½LyPA IDyUTES (¿“™ˆê˜ð™Z)ˆ½LyPA IDyUS (¿âc“™),’A¥•ü—F”VŠÔ‘ü{說ãq“IIDyUTEAs—¹¡œ—¹IDyUTE”VŠO,–ç‰ÂˆÈ—pYO IDyUTES (“™‰äˆê‰º)”‡Ží–½—ß‹å¡YOI IDyUTES“IˆÓŽv¥úW“™‰ä!úWLE—p˜Ò•\Ž¦çj”÷“I‹Áæbˆ½ˆÓŠO,‹^–⊴Šr‹“IŽžŒó‰ÂˆÈ‰ÁãHA (”ä”@LE HA [lei ha])
l í—p“I•\’B
ˆÈ‰º¥Ý›”˜b’†“Á•Êí—p“I•\’B¡•sisŒê–@ã“I‰ðç×,Ž§ŠŽ’¼Ú‹LZ‹åŒ^“I•û–@”äŠrD¡
š ÅâX–e,ňϛU“I¿‹úW¿您`úW(‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“I Would you please`)
? PLII ME`¡
椖@¥[ei si ku pu lī mei]¡“ž? PLII MEIˆ×Ž~‘æ1A2—Þ“s¥‘Š“¯“I¡Œã–ÊÚ㔑æ1ˆ½2—Þ“I’Âq‹å¡?›ìESKŽž,ˆÓŽv˜a椖@“s•sÌ¡
—á‹å: ”\¿您›••‰îÐM嗎?
‘æ1—Þ: ? PLII ME EGREK
TE-O NURI¡
[ei si ku pu lī mei ei gu lei ku tei o nū li]
‘æ2—Þ: ? PLII ME NURI EGREK
TE-O¡
[ei si
ku pu lī mei nū li ei gu
lei ku tei o]
EGREK_TE¥EGREK(‰îÐ,„‘E)˜aBEETE(M)\¬“I‡¬ŽŒ¡Ýš Û•W€šdŽŒ’†,‰ÂˆÈÈ—ª•\Ž¦Ž†ˆ½‘“I•”ŽñBEE,Ž§›ˆ×EGREK_TE¡ÚŒ©‘æ13åjŽå•Å¡NURI¥úW›úW“IˆÓŽv¡
úW„‘EMúW˜aúW›úW—p“úŒêˆ½‰pŒê•\’B“I˜b,‘¥Ì¬
‘æ1—Þ: ? PLII ME„‘E狀-O‘‚¡
‘æ2—Þ: ? PLII ME write
recommendation-O.
š âX–eAˆÏ›U“I¿‹úW¿你`úW(Will you`)
PLII ME`¡
‘üŽù›’ã–Ê“Iu‰ß“I?PLII ME’†“I?‹Ž{‘¦‰Â¡æ¤–@¥[pu lī mei ] ¡
—á‹å: ¿你˜ìᶗ̈́D嗎?(ŽÔ—ÖèœÝ“D—¡—¹EEE)
‘æ1—Þ: PLII MEN YOO-O
AASAn PUX¡
[pu
lī mei nu yōu ā sang pū
shu]
‘æ2—Þ: PLII MEN AASAn
PUX YOO-O¡
[pu
lī mei nu ā sang pū
shu yōu]
(’) YOOˆÓˆ×úW‹DŽÔúW¡ˆöˆ×¥•oŒê,ŠˆÈ‰Áã-O¡AASAn“IˆÓŽvˆ×úWᶉ”\,ᶗÍúW(‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“Ias much as possible
you can) ¡PUX [pū shu ]¥úW„úW“IˆÓŽv,PUS [pū si]¥úW‘—úW“IˆÓŽv,’ˆÓ•s—v搞¬¡PU¥•\Ž¦gé““®ì“I“®ŽŒ“I•”Žñ¡(ÚŒ©‘æ13Žå•Å)
š •’Ê“I¿‹úW¿˜ô`úW(Please do`)
LyPA
do~
椖@¥[liu
pa]
äo? PLII MEI˜aPLII ME“IâX–e,ˆÏ›U•s“¯,”‡¥Å•’Ê“I¿‹¡•s—pME¡–ç‰^—pÝ•sl—¶›”•û“Iî‹“Iꇡ”‡¥‰î‰—–½—ß‹å˜aPLII ME”VŠÔ“I•\’B•ûŽ®,Žg—p”Íš¡”ñíœA¡ªŸ說˜bŽÒ“I•\î˜a說–@“I•s“¯,‰ÂˆÈÌ“¾˜aPLII MEˆêžéâX–e,ˆÏ›U¡
—á‹å: ¿›o˜Ò
‘æ1—Þ: LyPA NURI¡ [liu pa nū li]
‘æ2—Þ: LyPA NURI¡ [liu pa nū li]
(’) NURI¥úW›úW“IˆÓŽv¡NU¥•\Ž¦Žè•”“®ì“I“®ŽŒ•”Žñ¡
—á‹å:¿€Žž”c“ߌ‘—‰ß˜Ò¡
‘æ1—Þ: LyPA TE-O TAPROn
PUS¡[liu pa tei o ta pu long pū si]
‘æ2—Þ: LyPA TAPROn PUS
TE-O¡[liu
pa ta pu long pū si tei o]
(’) TAPROn“IˆÓŽv¥úW‹yŽž,€ŽžúW,‘Šác‰—‰pŒê“Ipromptly¡‰pŒê’†“Isoon‘Šác“I¥TASUn[ta
sī en]
¡™_ŽÒ“s¥š Û•W€šdŽŒ(•”ŽñTA•\Ž¦ŽžŠÔ)¡—LŽžŒó,Žg—p˜a•W€šdŽŒ‘Šác“I—FDšdŽŒSNAAT[si nā te](Œ¹Ž©‘׌ê)–ç‰ÂˆÈ(soon) ¡”c”‡‹å˜b̬–½—ß‹å‘¥¥YO TE-O TAPROn PUS¡úW‹‹‰ä€Žž‘—˜ÒúW,—LˆêŽíŒRw—¡“I›”˜bˆ½ŽÒŒöŽi—¡ã‹‰›”‰º‹‰u˜b“IŒêŸ†(ác‘Re–§•ü—F–ç‰ÂˆÈ”‡žé說¡)
š ’ño幫•úW樉ä幫你`úW(Shall I do`)
YAL SE`¡
椖@¥[ya lu sei] ¡`“I•”•ª‘æ1—Þ˜a‘æ2—ތ꘥›”âi“I¡
—á‹å: 樉ä幫你”Æ•Ð吧
‘æ1—Þ: YAL SE MEI BEEFOS¡[ya lu sei mēi bēi fo si]
‘æ2—Þ: YAL SE MEI
BEEFOS¡[ya lu sei mēi bēi fo si]
(’) BEEFOSˆÓŽv¥úW”Æ•ÐúW(ŠÜ—L•oŒê“I‹y•¨“®ŽŒ) ¡”@‰Ê”cúW”úW˜aúWÆ•ÐúW•ªŠJ›“I˜b¥”‡žé“I:
‘æ1—Þ: YAL SE MEI BEEFO-O UYUS¡[ya lu sei mēi bēi
fo o wu yōu si]
‘æ2—Þ: YAL SE UYUS MEI BEEFO-O¡[ya lu sei wu yōu si
mēi bēi fo o]
(’) MEI¥ME“IŠ—LŠi,ˆÓŽv¥úW你“IúW¡BEEFOˆÓˆ×úWÆ•ÐúW,ˆöˆ×¥•oŒêŠˆÈ—v‰Áã-O ¡UYUS¥úW”úW(‘Šác‰—‰pŒê“Itake)¡
š 籿úWˆê‹N˜ô`úW(Shall we do`)
XAL
SEN`¡
椖@¥[xia
lu sei nu]
¡`“I•”•ª,‘æ1A2—Þ¥›”âi“I¡
—á‹å: ˆê‹N‹ŽãÚ˜ð吧¡
‘æ1—Þ: XAL SEN EMyURE UT ITU¡[xia lu sei nu ei miū lei wu tu yi tū]
‘æ2—Þ: XAL SEN ITU UTL EMyURE¡[xia lu sei nu yi tū wu tu lu ei miū lei]
(’) EMyURE¥úWãÚ˜ðúW“IˆÓŽv¡UT¥CüŽŒ,•\Ž¦úW‰`úW(‘Šác‰—‰pŒê“Ito) ¡‘æ2—ÞŽž,—v‰ÁL̬UTL¡ITUˆÓŽv¥úW‹ŽúW
š úW‰äœäŠY˜ô`嗎úW(Am I supposed to`)
ASPO SE`
椖@¥[a sip o sei]¡
—á‹å: ‰äœäŠY›03嗎?
(’) “ú–{‰‘´‘¼éŽs›“d˜bŽží—p“I–â‘è¡
‘æ1—Þ: ASPO SE 03-O UMROS¡[a si po sei shū nia sa mu o wu mu ro si]
‘æ2—Þ: ASPO SE UMROS 03-O¡[a si po sei wu mu ro si shū nia samu o]
(’) UMROS¥úWUúW“IˆÓŽv¡ˆÓŽväo‰pŒê’†“IAm I supposed to dial 03?‘Š“¯¡
š úW你˜ô`”äŠrD喔(âX–e“I™®)úW(You
might do)
MAIT ME`¡
椖@¥[ma yi tu mei]¡
—á‹å: 你›æ’˜ŽP‹Ž”äŠrD喔¡
‘æ1—Þ: MAIT ME BOOBLA-O
TUV¡[ma yi tu mei bō bu
la o tū bu(v)]
‘æ2—Þ: MAIT ME TUV
BOOBLA-O¡[ma yi tu mei tū bu(v)
bō bu la o]
(’) BOOBLA¥úWŽPúW“IˆÓŽv¡TUV¥úW\,›æúW(have) ¡TU¥•\Ž¦Žè•”“®ì“I“®ŽŒ“I•”Žñ¡
š úW你”@‰Ê˜ô`“I˜bAD—¹(Œš‹c,ŒÛ™)úW(Why
donft you do`)
WADO ME`¡
椖@¥ [wa do mei]¡
—á‹å: ”@‰Ê你õŽæ—¹\¿šd“I˜bAD—¹¡
‘æ1—Þ: WADO ME EGLAI_Kyn-O IYUS¡
[wa do mei
ei gu lai ki yun o I yōu si]
‘æ2—Þ: WADO ME IYUS EGLAI_Kyn-O¡
[wa do mei
i yōu si ei gu lai ki yun o ]
(’) EGLAI_Kyn¥úW\¿‘úW(application form)“IˆÓŽv¡IYUSˆÓŽv¥úWõŽæúW(request)¡
š ’ñ‹cúW`œƒ›õžé?úW(How
about`)
ESTI`¡
椖@¥ [ei si ti]¡
—á‹å: Š…咖啡œƒ›õžé?¡
‘æ1—Þ: ESTI CEEKA¡[ei si ti cēi ka]
‘æ2—Þ: ESTI CEEKA¡[ei si ti cēi ka]
(’) ‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“IHow
about coffee? CEEKA¥úW咖啡úW“IˆÓŽv¡”@‰Ê—v說’ƒ“I˜b,¥CEEI [cēi yi]¡ESTIŒã–Ê“IÚ㔜k’·(’ñoˆÓŒ©A‘z–@“™)“IŽžŒó,ÌìESTII`[ei si tī ] ¡
1)
”ZŠó˜IŒê“IŠî–{Œ` (žéŽ®)
l \‹å“I¬•ªˆÈ‹y”r—ñ•ûŽ®(Œê–@)
\‹å“I¬•ªŽwŽåŒêA“®ŽŒA•âŒêA•oŒê(ŽóŽŒ)¡—L±ŽžŒó,ŽåŒêA•âŒêA•oŒê•ª•Ê¥ŽåŒêŒêßA•âŒêŒêßA•oŒêŒêß¡
݉º–Ê‘æ1—Þ˜a‘æ2—Þ“I說–¾’†,ŽåŒê”VŒã“I¬•ª“IŒê˜³D‘Š”½(Šô‰½›”âi)¡ˆöŽ§,‘üŽù‹@ŠB’n‰üÌ\‹å¬•ª“IˆÊ’u¡
‘æ1—Þ“I‹åŽq˜a‘æ2—Þ“I‹åŽqA‰ÂˆÈŒÝ‘Šçz˜b—¹¡
‘æ1—Þ: SV, SCV, SOV, S(OaOb)V, S(OC)V
‘æ2—Þ: SV, SVC, SVO, SV,(OaOb), SV(OC)
’: SŽåŒê, V“®ŽŒ, C•âŒê,
O•oŒê
ˆÈ‰ºˆ× 5 Ží‹åŒ^“I—á‹å:
š SV (‘ü—L”‡ˆê‹åŒ^“Iˆê—Þ說–@˜a“ñ—Þ說–@“IŒê˜‘Š“¯)
—á‹å: ‰ä‘–˜H¡
‘æ1—Þ: SE RyU¡(ᢉ¹sēi liū)
‘æ2—Þ:SE RyU¡(ᢉ¹sēi liū)
š SCV (‘æ“ñ—Þ說–@“IŒê˜ˆ×SVC)
—á‹å: “ß“–[Žqœk‘å¡
‘æ1—Þ: BOI BIIUS-W AUB RI¡(ᢉ¹:boi bi`u
su a u bu li)
‘æ2—Þ: BOI BIIUS-W RI AUB¡(ᢉ¹:boi bi`u su li
a u bu)
š SOV (‘æ“ñ—Þ說–@“IŒê˜ˆ×SVO)
—á‹å: ‰äˆ¤你¡
‘æ1—Þ: SE ME-O APLOS¡(ᢉ¹:sei mei a bu ruo
si)
‘æ2—Þ: SE APLOS ME-O¡(ᢉ¹:sei a bu ruo si
mei o)
š ‚ri‚n‚‚n‚‚jV (‘æ“ñ—Þ說–@“IŒê˜ˆ×@‚r‚ui‚n‚‚n‚‚j
—á‹å: ‰ä”c‰»›{‘ŽØ‹‹—¹‘¼¡
‘æ1—Þ: SE FE-O EQMII
BEEK-O APIS-T¡
(ᢉ¹: sei fe o ei qiu mi bei ku o a pi si
ta)
‘æ2—Þ: SE APIS-T FE-O
EQMII BEEK-O¡
(ᢉ¹: sei a pi si ta fe
o ei qiu mi bei ku o)
另ŠO,”‡‹å˜b–ç‰ÂˆÈ”‡žé•\Ž¦:
‘æ1—Þ: SE FE UT EQMII
BEEK-O APIS-T¡
‘æ2—Þ: SE APIS-T EQMII BEEK-O
UTL FE.
š S (OC) V (‘æ“ñ—Þ說–@“IŒê˜ˆ×SV(OC))
Cˆ×Œ`—eŽŒ“I
—á‹å: ‘¼”c“ߊԖ[ŠÔˆÛŽ’nœkŠ£ŸÄ¡
‘æ1—Þ: MAFE BOI room-O
clean-E keep¡
‘æ2—Þ: MAFE keep BOI
room-O clean-E¡
›’úWBOI roomúW‰üˆ×Œ´Œ`(‘¦›’úWBOI room-OúW’†“IúW-OúW‹Žœ)“I˜b,‰ÂˆÈ”@‰ºŠŽ¦”cúW-EúW–çÈ—ª¡
‘æ1—Þ: MAFE BOI room
clean keep¡
‘æ2—Þ: MAFE keep BOI
room clean¡
Cˆ×–¼ŽŒ“I
—á‹å: •ƒ•ê樛€˜ì“I—™Z‹Žìçζ¡
‘æ1—Þ: Parent-W FEI daughter-O medical doctor-E BLE¡
‘æ2—Þ: Parent-W BLE FEI
daughter-O medical doctor-E¡
›’úWdaughterúW‰üˆ×Œ´Œ`“I˜b,‰ÂˆÈ”@‰ºŠŽ¦›’úW-OúWúW-EúW–çÈ—ª¡FEI•\Ž¦úW‘¼˜ì“IúW¡
‘æ1—Þ: Parent-W FEI
daughter medical doctor BLE¡
‘æ2—Þ: Parent-W BLE FEI
daughter medical doctor¡
Cˆ×“®ŽŒ“I
—á‹å: ‰ä˜ìãã她¥‰Ì¡
‘æ1—Þ: SEN DAFE sing-In
hear¡
‘æ2—Þ: SEN hear DAFE
sing-In¡
(’) In¥•\Ž¦isŽž“Iis•ŽŒ¡
—á‹å: ˜VŽt樛{¶˜ìâ‹‹N˜Ò¡
‘æ1—Þ: Teacher-W student
stand-In keep¡
‘æ2—Þ: Teacher-W keep
student stand-In¡
(’) Žg—pŽg–𓮎ŒBLE–ç‰ÂˆÈ
‘æ1—Þ: Teacher-W student
stand-In BLE¡
‘æ2—Þ: Teacher-W BLE
student stand-In¡
-In¥•\Ž¦isŽž“Iis•ŽŒ¡
l CüŽŒACü’ZŒêŠ¿Cü‹åß“IˆÊ’u
ˆê”ÊŽ§Œ¾,˜ï—RŠî–{¬•ª\¬“I‹åŽqœk,‘命ɋåŽq“s¥’ʉßCüŽŒACü’ZŒêŠ¿Cü‹åß›”Šî–{¬•ªisCüŒã\¬“I¡”‡±CüŽŒACü’ZŒêŠ¿Cü‹åß“IˆÊ’u”@‰º:
(’) Šcü•”•ªˆ×CüŽŒACü’ZŒêŠ¿Cü‹åß
Ÿ CüŽŒ“IˆÊ’uEEE‘æ1—Þ˜a‘æ2—Þ’†‹Ï’u‰—”íCüŽŒ”V‘O¡(‘O’uCü)
‘æ1—Þ: CüŽŒ{”íCüŽŒ (—á) ”’F“I–[Žq
‘æ2—Þ: CüŽŒ{”íCüŽŒ (—á) white
house
Ÿ Cü’ZŒê“IˆÊ’uEEE‘æ1—Þ’u‰—”íCüŽŒ”V‘O, ‘æ2—Þ’†’u‰—”íCüŽŒ”VŒã
‘æ1—Þ: Cü’ZŒê{”íCüŽŒ (—á) ãj›æIZá´Žq (ü—Lãj›æ“Iá´Žq)
‘æ2—Þ: ”íCüŽŒ{Cü’ZŒê (—á) box IZL ribbon
(box with ribbon)
Ÿ Cü‹åß“IˆÊ’uEEE‘æ1—Þ’†’u‰—”íCüŽŒ”V‘O,‘æ2—Þ’†’u‰—”íCüŽŒ”VŒã
‘æ1—Þ: Cü‹åß{”íCüŽŒ
‘æ2—Þ: ”íCüŽŒ{Cü‹åß
Cü‹åߥŽwŒ`—eŽŒ«“I‹å߈½•›ŽŒ«“I‹åß¡
‘æ1—Þ: Personal
computer-L EDSTAS-In ky REn.(³Ý›{K“däI“Il)
‘æ2—Þ: REn Ky EDSTAS-In Personal computer-L
(’) EDSTASˆÓˆ×›{K¡ˆ×èûŽ¦‘´ˆ×•W€ŽŒœb(š Û•W€ŽŒœb)“Á—pŽÎé“•\Ž¦¡
EDSTAS–ç‰ÂˆÈ—p‰pŒê’†“IúWstudyúWˆ½’†•¶“IúW›{KúW(ˆ½ŽÒ‘´‘¼”C‰½ŒêŒ¾)˜Ò‘ã‘Ö¡
2) ”ZŠó˜IŒê“IŽŒ—Þ
”ZŠó˜IŒê“IŽŒ—Þ•ªˆ×:–¼ŽŒA‘ã–¼ŽŒA“®ŽŒA•“®ŽŒAy“®ŽŒAŒ`—eŽŒA•›ŽŒA‰îŽŒA˜AŽŒAžŠ—ŽŒA•ŽŒA‹[ãߎŒ¡
(’) ‹^–⎌‰ÂŸd—Þ‰—Œ`—eŽŒA•›ŽŒA•ŽŒ’†,’Aˆ×—¹•Ö‰—說–¾,‘½›’‘´Ÿd—Þ‰—y‹^–⎌z¡
3)
–¼ŽŒ
ˆê”Ê–¼ŽŒ“s—L•”Žñ,œn•”Žñ‰ÂˆÈ„Ðo‘´‘å’v“IŠÜˆÓ¡另ŠO,•¨Ž¿–¼ŽŒŽñ‰¹ßˆ×èî•ê,”ñ•¨Ž¿–¼ŽŒŽñ‰¹ßˆ×ãß•ê(a,i,u,e) ¡šd•¡É“¯Œ`¡Ý‘z—v•\’B–¾ŠmÉ—Ê“IŽž,‰ÂÝ–¼ŽŒ‘O“Y‰ÁÉ—ÊŽŒ¡Ý‘z—v•\’B–¼ŽŒˆ×•¡É“IŽž,‰ÂÝ–¼ŽŒ‘O“Y‰ÁPLU(pu lu,•¡É“I)Aˆ½SOM(so
mu,ŠôŒÂ)Aˆ½MUQ(mū qū,œk‘½A‘½É“I) ¡ŽŒŒêŸ“—L«•Êã“I™½•ª¡–³Žù“Y‰ÁŠ¥ŽŒ¡
ªŸê‡,Ý–¼ŽŒ‘O“Y‰ÁŽwŽ¦Œ`—eŽŒTO(tō,”‡ŒÂ)Aˆ½BOI(bōyī,“ߌÂ)¡
ác–¼ŽŒÝ‹å’†ìˆ×ŽåŒêoŒ»Žž,ŽùÝ–¼ŽŒ“IŽŒ”ö“Y‰Á-W¡ác–¼ŽŒÝ‹å’†ìˆ×•oŒêoŒ»Žž,ŽùÝ–¼ŽŒ“IŽŒ”ö“Y‰Á-O¡
’A¥,ác–¼ŽŒÝCü‹åß(Œ`—eŽŒ‹å߈½•›ŽŒ‹åß)’†ìˆ×•oŒêoŒ»Žž,ŽùÝŽŒ”ö“Y‰Á-L¡ác–¼ŽŒÝ‹å’†ìˆ×•âŒêoŒ»Žž,ŽùÝ–¼ŽŒ“IŽŒ”ö“Y‰Á-E¡’A¥,ác–¼ŽŒÝCü‹åß’†ìˆ×•âŒêoŒ»Žž,ŽùÝŽŒ”ö“Y‰Á-Q¡ÝSCV˜aSVCŒ^‹åŽq,”@‰ÊŽž‘Ԉ׌»ÝŽž,•ÀŠŽ•¶ˆÓ‘Š›”ŠÈŒ‰ˆÕ懂“I‰º,‰ÂˆÈÈ—ª-E˜a-Q¡
ˆÈ‰ºˆ×ÉŽš“I椖@:
ÉŽš |
拼› |
椖@(拼‰¹) |
Ì—pŒêŒ¾ |
0 |
XUNyA |
xiū
niā |
ž•¶ |
1 |
Wan |
wang |
‰pŒê |
2 |
NI |
nī |
Ҝΐ |
3 |
SAM |
sā mu |
’©‘NŒê |
4 |
SII |
si yi |
‘׌ê |
5 |
LIMA |
lī ma |
”n˜Ò¼˜±Œê |
6 |
ZEKS |
zēi
ku si |
úºŒê |
7 |
SABAA |
sā bā`ā |
ˆ¢f”ŒŒê |
8 |
WIT |
Wī tō |
–@Œê |
9 |
KOO |
Kō |
–É™²Œê |
10 |
TIO |
tī o |
“TŒê |
100 |
STO |
sī to |
‰âŒê |
1000 |
MILA |
mi lā |
‹`‘å—˜Œê |
10000 |
Man |
māng |
Ҝΐ |
‰ |
OK |
o ku |
ŠØŒêE’©‘NŒê |
’› |
TERA |
tei
la |
ŠóäcŒê |
‹ž |
Jin |
Jing |
’†•¶ |
(’) ŽŠ¡ˆ×Ž~,9“sÌ—p‰pŒê“INine˜Ò•\Ž¦,’A¥”‡äo”Û’èŒêNAI“I‹’²Œ`NAIn‘Šd•¡,ŒÌ‰ü—p–É™²Œê“IKOO˜Ò•\Ž¦¡(2004.02.25)
(’) ŽŠ¡ˆ×Ž~,1“s—p’†•¶“IúW1úW˜Ò•\Ž¦,’A—R‰——eˆÕ¬ŸÀ,ŒÌ‰ü—p‰pŒê“IOne˜Ò•\Ž¦B(2005.04.16)
5.3æ¤ìIī ma tēn sa mu
20.19æ¤ì
nīI o tēn wang kō
2/3æ¤ìnī
fuēn sa mu
Žžc.XI xi (ŽæŽ©ŠØŒê)
•ªcNAATI nā ti(ŽæŽ©‘׌ê)
•bcMyO miāo(ŽæŽ©’†•¶)
ŠÔckan kāng(ŽæŽ©“úŒê)
ãŒß7êy20•ª›ì:7 XI 20 NAATI æ¤ì:sā bā`ā xi nī o nā ti
‰ºŒß3êy35•ª
ݓ:15
XI 35 NATTI æ¤ì:
sā mu xi sa mu ti o lī ma na ti
2¬Žž10•ª40•b ›ì:2 XI Kan 10 NATTI 40 Myo æ¤ì:nī xi kang tī na ti si yi tī
o miao
4)
‘ã–¼ŽŒ
‘ã–¼ŽŒ’†Åd—v“I¥lâi‘ã–¼ŽŒ˜aŽwŽ¦‘ã–¼ŽŒB—R‰—ŽwŽ¦‘ã–¼ŽŒˆê‹¤‘ü—L™_ŒÂ,ˆöŸæ‹LZ”‡™_ŒÂ吧,
›€˜ì•ª•Ê¥TO (to,”‡) ˜aBOI (bo yi,“ß)B
(’) TO (to,”‡) ˜aBOI (bo yi,“ß) Šù¥ŽwŽ¦‘ã–¼ŽŒ,“¯Žž–祎wŽ¦Œ`—eŽŒB
Ú‰º˜Ò,˜Ò‹L‰¯lâi‘ã–¼ŽŒ 吧B
šdÉŒ`
lâi‘ã–¼ŽŒ |
ŽåŠi |
Š—LŠi |
•âŒê |
•oŠi |
‘æˆêlâi(‰ä) |
SE sēi |
SEI Sēi yī |
SE-E sēi`ēi (SE-Q sēi`ēi qiū) |
SE-O sēi o (SE-L sēi o lu) |
‘æ“ñlâi(你) |
ME |
MEI |
ME-E (ME-Q) |
ME-O (ME-L) |
‘æŽOlâi (“ßl) (‘¼) (她) |
FE DAFE MAFE |
FEI DAFEI MAFEI |
FE-E (FE-Q) DAFE-E(DAFE-Q) MAFE-E(MAFE-Q) |
FE-O(FE-L) DAFE-O(DAFE-L) MAFE-O(MAFE-L) |
‘æŽOlâi (’N) |
JE |
JEI |
JE-E(JE-Q) |
JE-Q(JE-L) |
‘æŽOlâi (“ߌÂ) |
TE |
TEI |
TE-E(TE-Q) |
TE-O(TE-L) |
¦ŽÎé“Žš•\Ž¦“IŽ‹æ¤‰¹,‰º“¯
(’) Ý”ZŠó˜IŒê’†,–¼ŽŒ’Êí¥šd•¡É“¯Œ`,’Alâi‘ã–¼ŽŒ‘¥{™½•ªšd•¡ÉB
(’) •\’†( )—¡“I¥,ÝCü‹åß’†,‘¦Œ`—eŽŒßˆ½•›ŽŒß’†,Žg—p“IŒ`Ž®B
(’) -E,-Q,-O,-L“I椖@•ª•Ê¥ēi,qiū,o luB-•sᢉ¹B
•¡ÉŒ` ‘ü{ÝšdÉŒ`E ēi
”VŒã‰ÁãN nu‘¦‰ÂB
lâi‘ã–¼ŽŒ |
ŽåŠi |
Š—LŠi |
•âŒê |
•oŠi |
‘æˆêlâi (‰ä˜ì) |
SEN sēi
nu |
SEI Sēi
ni |
SEN-E
sēi mu ēi (SEN-Q
sēi mu ēi qiū) |
SEN-O sēi nu o (SEN-L sēi nu o lu) |
‘æ“ñlâi (你˜ì) |
MEN |
MENI |
MEN-E
(MEN-Q) |
MEN-O(
MEN-L) |
‘æŽOlâi“ß±l˜ì (‘¼˜ì) (她˜ì) |
FEN DAFEN MAFEN |
FENI DAFENI MAFEIN |
FEN-E (FE-Q) DAFEN-E (DAFE-Q) MAFEN-E
(MAFE-Q) |
FEN-O(FEN-L) DAFEN-O(DAFEN-L) MAFEN-O(MAFEN-L) |
‘æŽOlâi (’N˜ì) |
JEN |
JENI |
JEN-E(JE-Q) |
JEN-O (JEN-L) |
‘æŽOlâi (“ß±) |
TEN |
TENI |
TEN-E(TE-Q) |
TEN-O (TEN-L) |
5) ‹^–⎌
‹^–⎌¥‹^–â‘ã–¼ŽŒA‹^–â“®ŽŒA‹^–âŒ`—eŽŒA‹^–â•›ŽŒA‹^–â•ŽŒ“™“Iã`âi(–³Žù›’”‡±•ª—Þˆêˆê‹LZ)B
‹^–â‹å—L™_Ží:‰Â—púW¥úWˆ½úW”ÛúW‰ñ“š“Iˆê”Ê‹^–â‹å,ˆÈ‹y—v‹›”•û說–¼“I“ÁŽê‹^–â‹åB–³˜_哪ˆêŽí,“s—vÝ‹åŽñ‰Áã?ēi
sī kuBˆê”Ê‹^–â‹å‘üŽùÝ‹åŽñ‰ÁãúW?úW‘¦‰Â,’AŽá¥“ÁŽê‹^–â‹å,‘¥Žù—v—p‰º—ñ‹^–⎌‘ÖŠ·úW‘z’m“¹“IŽ–•¨úW,ˆ½¥Ý•\Ž¦úW‘z’m“¹“IŽ–•¨úW“IŽŒ‹å‘O‰Á㉺—ñ‹^–⎌B
Ý›”˜bŽž,‘¥›’‹å––‰¹’²âcâcã—gBŸŠO,Ý›”˜bŽž›’‹åŽñ“IúW?úWᢉ¹ìēi–ç‰ÂˆÈB(ˆöˆ×ēi sī
ku‘¾’·—¹)
‹^–â‘ã–¼ŽŒ (ŽåŒê) |
(Š—LŒ`) |
(•âŒê) |
(•oŒê) |
‹^–â“®ŽŒ |
‹^–âŒ`—eŽŒ |
‹^–â•›ŽŒ |
‹^–â•ŽŒ |
žŠ—ŽŒ |
English |
HA r›õ |
HAI what |
HA-E What |
HA-O What |
HAS
do what |
HANA What |
|
|
|
What |
HI 哪ŒÂ |
HII Which |
HI--E Which |
HI--O Which |
HIS
do which |
HINA Which |
HILI Which |
|
|
Which |
HU ’N |
HUI Whom |
HU-E Whom |
HU-O Whom |
|
|
|
|
|
Who |
HE ‰½Žž |
HEI When |
HE-E When |
HE-O When |
|
HENA ‰½Žž“I |
HELI ݉½Žž |
|
EED |
When |
HO ‰½’n |
HOI where |
HO-E where |
HO-O where |
|
HONA ‰½’n“I |
HOLI ݉½’n |
|
AAT |
where |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HyAA Why(ˆ×‰½) |
HyA why |
IID |
Why(——R) |
Hy r›õ’ö“x |
HyI How
much |
Hy-E How
much |
Hy-O How
much |
|
HyNA r›õ’ö“x |
HyLI r›õ’ö“x |
|
|
How (’ö“x) |
HyE ”@‰½ |
HyEI how |
HyE-E how |
HyE-O how |
|
|
HyELI ”@‰½ |
|
|
How (•û–@) |
(’) lâi‘ã–¼ŽŒ˜a‹^–⎌ìŽåŒê—pŽž–ç•s—p‰Á—v‘fŽŒ-WB
(’) HANA ha na“IŽg—p”Íš¡œkœABHyA hia‰ÂˆÈ¸Šm’næm–â–^ˆêêy“IŒ´ˆö,¥ŒÂœkD—p“I‹^–â•ŽŒB‘z—vCü®ŒÂ‹åŽqŽž,•s—pHyA,Ž§¥Ý‹åŽñ‰ÁãHyAA hiā`āBHyE hi ēi¥—p˜Òæm–â•û–@“I,ˆÓŽvˆ×úW”@‰½úWúW’ʉ߉½ŽíŽè’iúWB
6) “®ŽŒ (Žž‘ÔAisŽž‘ÔA”í“®‘Ô)
Œ»ˆÈ‘ã“®ŽŒDU dō (‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“Ido)ˆ×—á,›”ŽžAisŽ®A‘Ôis‰ðç×B
|
‰ß‹Ž |
Œ»Ý |
–¢˜Ò |
isŽ® |
DU-TIn dō tā yin ˜ô‰ß–^Ž– |
DU-In dō yin ³Ý˜ô–^Ž– |
DU-RIn dō lēi yin ›’˜ð˜ô–^Ž– |
”í“®‘Ô |
eDU-TZE dō tā zēi ‰ß‹Ž”í˜ô‰ß–^Ž– |
DU-ZE dō tā zēi ”í˜ô–^Ž– |
DU-RZE dō lēi zēi ›’˜ð”í˜ô–^Ž– |
is”í“®‘Ô |
DU-TinZE dō tā yin zēi ‰ß‹Ž³”í˜ô–^Ž– |
DU-InZE dō yin zēi ³Ý”í˜ô–^Ž– |
DU-RInZE dō lēi yin zēi ›’˜Ò³Ý”í˜ô–^Ž– |
Žg–𓮎Œ—L™_ŒÂ,•ª•Êˆ×BLE bu lēi(”íXX—v‹˜ôEEE) ˜aBLU bu lu(—v‹XX˜ôEEE) BLEEN lēi`ēiˆÓˆ×úW³”Fác‘O“I狀‘Ô,•ú”CŽ©—¬úW,•s‹û‰—Žg–𓮎Œ(˜a‰pŒê’†“Ileaveˆ½let‘Š‹ß) B
7) •“®ŽŒ
’u‰—“®ŽŒ‘O,—p˜ÒCü“®ŽŒB‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“Ican,may,must“™,’A¥”ZŠó˜IŒê’†“I•“®ŽŒ“IŽí—Þ”ä‰pŒê’†âc‘½B
•“®ŽŒ |
椖@ |
ˆÓŽv |
›”œä“I‰pŒê |
GIKA |
gi ka |
‰ÂˆÈ˜ôc... |
May |
GIKA |
gi ki |
˜ôc”äŠrD |
Had
better do |
GI |
Gi |
˜ôc(‘ÅŽZ,ŒˆS) |
Sure
to do,will |
GIKE |
gi kei |
‘¦›’—v˜ôc. |
Be
about to do |
GIKO |
gi ko |
˜ôŠ®c(IŽ~) |
Have
done |
GILA |
gi la |
˜ô‰ßc(ãSé„) |
Have
ever done |
GILI |
gi li |
ˆê’è,€¥ |
Must |
GIL |
gi lu,gi[I] |
ˆê’¼Ý˜ôc(Žã”) |
Have
done |
GILE |
gi lei |
‚‹»’n˜ôc. |
Glad
to do |
GILO |
gi lo |
‰ºŒˆS˜ôc.. |
Dare
to do |
GIMA |
gi ma |
”\˜ôc.. |
Can |
GIMI |
gi mi |
œäŠY˜ôc. |
Should |
GIM |
gi mu |
•K{˜ôc. |
Must |
GIME |
gi mei |
—L‰Â”\c. |
May |
GIMO |
gi mo |
—œäc.. |
Should |
GIVA |
gi [va] |
•sîŠè’n˜ôc. |
Unwillingly
do |
GIVI |
gi[vi] |
•s“¾•s˜ôc. |
Canft help doing |
GITT |
gi to |
œäác³Ý˜ô/˜ô‰ßc. |
|
8) €“®ŽŒ
€“®ŽŒ (vervals)¥Šî‰—“®ŽŒŽ§\¬“IˆêŽíŽŒ—ÞB•ªˆ×“®–¼ŽŒA“®Œ`—eŽŒA“®•›ŽŒŽOŽíB˜a‰pŒê“I“®–¼ŽŒ (-ing) AèŒW‘㎌ (that)A•ªŽŒ (-ed,-ing) A•s’莌 (to do)‘ŠŽ—B
8-1A“®–¼ŽŒ ----
“®ŽŒ-M:“®ŽŒ“I–¼ŽŒŒ`Ž®A“®ŽŒ-D:¥”Û—v˜ôc.A¥•s¥c
Ý“®ŽŒŽŒ”ö‰ÁãúW-MúWˆ½úW-DúW‰Â\¬“®–¼ŽŒB“®–¼ŽŒŒ“‹ï“®ŽŒ˜a–¼ŽŒ“IŒ÷”\Bìˆ×“®ŽŒ‰ÂCü•oŒê,˜ôˆ×–¼ŽŒ‰ÂˆÈ[ácŽåŒêA•âŒêA•oŒêB
—á:ŠáŒ©ˆ×œß¡
說–@1: ŠÅ-M-W ‘ŠM-M(RI)¡
說–@2: ŠÅ-M-W(RI)‘ŠM-M¡
úWWúW•\Ž¦úWŠÅ-MúW¥ŽåŒêBúWRI`úWˆÓˆ×c¥c.A–çA¥‰pŒê’†“IisBÝ”‡žéŒ‹\ŠÈšd“I‹åŽq’†, úWRI`úW‰ÂˆÈÈ—ª¡úW(RI)úW•\Ž¦‰ÂˆÈÈ—ªB
8-2A“®Œ`—eŽŒ ------
“®ŽŒ-K:“ߌÂA“®ŽŒ-AI:ˆ×—¹c.–Ú“I“IA“®ŽŒ-BI:c(’ö“x)“I“®ŽŒ-K˜a‰pŒê’†“IèŒW–¼ŽŒ‘ŠŽ—B“®ŽŒ-AI˜a‰pŒê“Ito-do•s’莮‘ŠŽ—¡“®•M-BIäo‰pŒê“Ias‘ŠŽ—B“®Œ`—eŽŒŒ“‹ï“®ŽŒ˜aŒ`—eŽŒ“IŒ÷”\Bìˆ×“®ŽŒ‰ÂCü•oŒê,ìˆ×Œ`—eŽŒ‰ÂCü–¼ŽŒ˜aŒ`—eŽŒB
—á:Œ»Ý,’ñ–â“Ilâ‹—¹‹N˜Ò
說–@1: Œ»Ý,’ñ–â-K REn-Wâ‹‹N˜Ò¡
說–@2: Now ask-K person-W
stand up.
—á:”‡¥—p‰—žû查ŒŒ‰t“I‹@ŠíB
說–@1: TO-W ŒŒ‰t-Lžû查-AI‹@Ší(RI)
說–@2: TO-W (RI)
instrument test-AI blood-LB
—á:”‡•s¥r›õ值“¾šL“IŽ–îB
說–@1: ? BOI-W šL-RIŽ–Œ(RI)
說–@2: BOI-W (RI)
incident cry-CIB
8-3A“®•›ŽŒ -----
“®ŽŒ-AI:ˆ×—¹c–Ú“IA“®ŽŒ-BI:“ž—¹˜ôc“I’ö“xA“®ŽŒ-CI:˜ôc[{•]˜_])
l “®ŽŒ-AI:ˆ×—¹c–Ú“I
—á:‰äˆ×—¹“¾“ž¶Šˆ”HìB
說–@1: SE¶Šˆ”ï-L“¾“ž-CIHìB
說–@2: SE work get-CI living-L.
l “®ŽŒc.BI (“ž—¹˜ôc“I’ö“x)
—á:‘¼eØ“ž—¹幫•™_ŒÂŒÇ™Z“I’ö“xB
說–@1: MAFE 2 ŒÇ™Z-L幫•-BI eØRI-T
說–@2: MAFE RI-T kind help-BI 2 orphanl.
(’) MAFE¥lâi‘ã–¼ŽŒ<‘¼˜ôc>“IˆÓŽvBÝlâi‘ã–¼ŽŒ˜a‹^–⎌“IŽåŠiŒã•s
‰Á-WBúWŒÇ™ZúW¥•›‹å(Cü‹å)’†“I–Ú“IŒê,ŠˆÈ•s‰Á-O,—v‰Áã-LB
l “®ŽŒ----CI (˜ôc[{•]˜_])
—á:‘¼˜ì—vŒ‹¥ŠÒ‘¾”Nçj—¹B(—á”@‘¼˜ì‘ü—L14.13歲)
說–@1: FEN Œ‹¥-CI TU”Nçj (RI)
說–@2: (RI) marry-CI TU YoungB
(’) 另ˆÈúWŒÃŽz‘וv˜a卡—Ô—vŒ‹¥ŠÒ‘¾”NçjúWˆ×—áBác“®•›ŽŒ”º—L•oŒê“IŽžŒó,œäŠY”‡žé•\Ž¦:
說–@1: ŒÃŽz‘וv-W 卡—Ô-L Œ‹¥-CI TU”Nçj(RI)
說–@2: Gustav-W (RI) TU
young marry-CI Karin-LB
8-4. ã`Œ‹
€“®ŽŒˆê‹¤—L˜ZŽí(”@‰º•\¶‘¤Š•\Ž¦) B樉ä˜ìˆê‹N˜Ò®—ˆê‰º‘¼˜ìŠ›”œä“ICü’ZŽŒ˜ažŠ—ŽŒ吧B
€“®ŽŒ |
CüŽŒ |
žŠ—ŽŒ |
-M mu
“®–¼ŽŒ (“®ŽŒ“I–¼ŽŒŒ`Ž®) |
|
My ˆø“±–¼ŽŒ (“®ŽŒ“I–¼ŽŒŒ`Ž®) |
-D do“®–¼ŽŒ (¥”Û—v˜ôc:¥•s¥c) |
|
Dy ˆø“±–¼ŽŒ (¥”Û—v˜ôcA¥•s¥c) |
-K ku
“®–¼ŽŒ (“ߌÂ) |
|
Ky ˆø“±Œ`—eŽŒ (“ߌÂ) |
-AI a`yi “®Œ`—eŽŒ (ˆ×—¹c–Ú“I“I) |
EA ˆø“±Œ`—eŽŒ‹å (ˆ×—¹) |
EEA ˆø“±Œ`—eŽŒ (ˆ×—¹c) |
-BI
bi “®Œ`—eA“®•›ŽŒ (“ž—¹˜ôc“I’ö“x) |
EB ˆø“±Œ`—eŽŒ‹åc“I’ö“x ˆø“±•›ŽŒ‹åc“I’ö“x’n |
EEB ˆø“±Œ`—eŽŒ (..’ö“x“I) ˆø“±•›ŽŒ(c’ö“x“I) |
-CI
cu`yi “®•›ŽŒ (˜ôc.[{•]˜_]) |
EC ˆø“±•›ŽŒ‹å (˜ôc.[{•]˜_]) |
EEC ˆø“±•›ŽŒ (˜ôc.[{•]˜_]) |
9) Œ`—eŽŒ
’u‰—–¼ŽŒ‘O,—p˜ÒCü–¼ŽŒBäo‰pŒê•s“¯,”ZŠó˜IŒê’†“IŒ`—eŽŒŠ®‘S•”˜ôÌŒ`B
Œ´Œ`(ˆê”ÊŒ`),”äŠr‹‰,Å‚‹‰“IŒ`Ž®Š®‘S‘Š“¯B•\¥”äŠr‹‰Žž,‰ÂÝŒ`—eŽŒ‘O‰ÁãLEE lēiŒ¸ŽãŒ`—eŽŒ“I’ö“x,ˆ½‰ÁãFAA fā˜Òú‹Œ`—eŽŒ“I’ö“xBÅ‚‹‰‘¥¥’ʉßÝŒ`—eŽŒ‘O‰ÁãLEST lei si to•\Ž¦ŠYŒ`—eŽŒ“I’ö“x”ñí’á,ˆ½ŽÒ‰ÁãFAST fa si to˜Ò•\Ž¦ŠYŒ`—eŽŒ“I’ö“x”ñí‚B
10) •›ŽŒ
’u‰—“®ŽŒAŒ`—eŽŒA•›ŽŒAˆ½ŽÒ‹åŽq”V‘O,—p˜ÒCüãq•”•ªB˜aŒ`—eŽŒˆêžé,•›ŽŒŸ“—LÌŒ`B”äŠrŒ`AÅ‚‹‰“I—p–@äoŒ`—eŽŒ“I‘Š“¯B
11) ˜AŽŒ
œ—¹NOA,Š—L˜AŽŒ“sˆÈúWOúWˆ×ŽñŽš•ê
˜AŽŒ |
ˆÓ‹` |
’ˆÓ |
O n
p ōng dō |
‘RŒãAŽ§ŠŽAˆÈ‹y |
a n d |
O n
P ōng pu |
‘RŒãAŽ§ŠŽAˆÈ‹y |
a n d |
O n
S ōng su |
‘RŒãAŽ§ŠŽAˆÈ‹y |
a n d |
O
A ōā |
ˆ½ŽÒ |
O r |
O A
P ō ā pu |
ˆ½ŽÒ |
O r |
O A S
ō ā su |
ˆ½ŽÒ |
O r |
O
I ōī |
ˆ½ŽÒ |
e x c
l u s I v e o r |
O
n ōng |
`每`(ŒðŠ·AŒðˆÕ) |
p e r |
O
U ō ū |
ˆ½ŽÒ |
a n d
/ o r |
N O
A no a |
“s•s¥ |
n o r |
O E N
I ō ēi nī |
ˆöŸ |
t h e
r e f o re |
O K y
L I ō kīu lī |
Œ‹‰Ê |
c o n
s e q u e n t l y |
O O
Z ō`zi |
ˆöˆ×AŒ´ˆö¥ |
b e c
a u s e |
O T
T ō shī do |
’A¥A‘RŽ§ |
b u t |
O Z
n ō zēn |
”VŒãAÚ’˜ |
a n d
t h e n |
12) ‰îŽŒ
Ý1—މ“IŽŒ”ö‰ÁãúWLúW(æ¤ìlu),‘¦\¬2—މ
1—Þ |
2—Þ |
ˆÓ‹` |
’ˆÓ |
A B ā bū |
A B L ā bū
lū |
艗 |
‰pŒê“Iabout |
A E |
A E L |
œ—¹ |
Except
for |
A F |
A F L |
`”VŒã |
After |
A N |
A N L |
äo`‘Š”ä(Ý”äŠr‹å’†ãSíoŒ») |
Compared
to |
A T |
A T L |
Ý`(’n•û.–³èê’n‘å¬) |
At |
A Y |
A Y L |
—R`A”í`(ݔ퓮‹å’†í—p) |
By |
I L |
I L L |
‘œ`A”@“¯` |
Like,
as |
I M |
I M L |
œn`A˜ÒŽ©` |
From |
I N |
I N L |
`’†“IAÝ`’† |
In |
I O |
I O L |
ˆ×—¹`(–^Ží—˜‰v) |
For |
I Z |
I Z L |
˜a`ˆê‹N“IA•—L`“I |
With |
UA |
U A L |
›”‰—`˜Ò說 |
To |
U L |
U L L |
•s‘œ`A˜a`•s’Ê•— |
Unlike |
U O |
U O L |
Ý`‘O–Ê“IA‘O–Ê |
Before |
U T |
U T L |
‰`A’©Œü`(•ûŒü) |
To |
U Z |
U Z L |
œ—¹`”VŠOAœ—¹`”VŠO“I |
Besides |
E A |
E A L |
ˆ×—¹`(–Ú“I) |
For |
E D |
E D L |
Ý`ŽžŒó |
At |
E F |
E F L |
”@‰Ê`“I˜b |
If |
E G |
E G L |
”@‰Ê`“I˜b |
If |
E U |
E U L |
ªŸ`AˆËÆ` |
In
accordance with |
13) žŠ—ŽŒ
žŠ—ŽŒ‰Â•ªˆ×ŽOŽí,•ª•Ê¥ˆø“±–¼ŽŒ‹åß“IžŠ—ŽŒAˆø“±Œ`—eŽŒ‹åß“IžŠ—ŽŒAˆø“±•›ŽŒ‹åß“IžŠ—ŽŒ.‘¼˜ì‘S•”“s¥”ZŠó˜IŒê“IŠî–{šdŽŒ¡žŠ—ŽŒ‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“I˜AŽŒ(conjunction),’A¥Ý”ZŠó˜IŒê’†,‘æ1—Þ˜a’n2—Þ“I—p–@’†,‘´ˆÊ’u¥‘Š”½“I¡
‘æ1—Þ: ‹åß{žŠ—ŽŒ
‘æ2—Þ: žŠ—ŽŒ{‹åß
‡Tjˆø“±–¼ŽŒ‹åß“IžŠ—ŽŒ
l My [miu] (`”‡›õˆêŒŽ–¡‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“IThat)
‘æ1—Þ: SOV{My
‘æ2—Þ: My{SVO
—á‹å:‰ä’m“¹你“¾“ž—¹D™|”‡ŒŽ–¡
(’) ‰ºŠcü•”•ª¥–¼ŽŒ‹åß,gŽšˆ×žŠ—ŽŒ¡
‘æ1—Þ: SE ME EZRIT-O UYn-T My IMINS¡
[sei mei ei zi li tuo wu yun ta miu yi mi mu si]
‰ä 你 D™| “¾“ž—¹ ”‡ŒŽ– ’m“¹
‘æ2—Þ: SE IMINS My ME UYn-T
EZRIT-O ¡
[sei yi mi mu si miu mei wu yun ta ei zi lie tuo]
‰ä ’m“¹ ”‡ŒŽ– 你 “¾“ž—¹ D™|
EZRIT¥úW—˜‰vAD™|úW“IˆÓŽvUYn¥úW“¾“žúW¡ˆöˆ×¥‰ß‹ŽŽž,ŠˆÈ—v‰Á-T¡IMINS¥úW’m“¹úW“IˆÓŽv¡ŠY—á‹å’†“I–¼ŽŒ‹åߥ•oŒê,ˆöŸ‰ÂˆÈ̬My-O(A¥說ÝžŠ—ŽŒã‰Áã•\Ž¦•oŠi“I—v‘f•ŽŒ-O)¡ìˆ×™Òl,•W€šdŽŒ’†äoUYnˆÓŽv‘Š‹ß“IŠÒ—L,UYAK(“¾“žAŠl“¾=get, acquire)AUYUS(Žæ“¾=take)¡ˆÈ‘Oí—p“IER(“¾“ž=get),TEIK(Žæ“¾=take)¥Œ¹Ž©“úŒêA‰pŒê“I—FDšdŽŒŒ“•W€šdŽŒ,’A¥¡ŒãŠÒ¥Žg—pUYn, UYUS, UYUK“™›“–å“I•W€šdŽŒ吧¡
l Dy [diu] (¥”Û`¡‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“Iwhether)
—á‹å:“ߌÂl¥”ÛŠˆ’˜¥d—v“I¡
‘æ1—Þ: FE ASLIS-In
Dy AOOIn RI¡
[fei a si ri si yin diu a ō yin li]
“ߌÂl Šˆ’˜ ¥”Û ¥d—v“I
‘æ2—Þ: Dy FE
ASLIS-In RI AOOIn¡
[diu fei a si ri si yin li a ō yin]
FE¥úW“ߌÂlúW“IˆÓŽv, ASLIS¥úWŠˆ’˜úW¡—R‰—¥isŽž,ŠˆÈ‰Áã-In¡–ç‰ÂˆÈŽg—p•\Ž¦úWŠˆ’˜úW“IŒ`—eŽŒAUUL¡AOOInˆÓŽv¥úWd—v“IúW¡RI‰ÂˆÈÈ—ª¡ŠY—á‹å’†“I–¼ŽŒ‹åßìˆ×ŽåŒê‹åߎg—p“I¡ìˆ×ŽåŒê‹åߎg—pŽž,•s—p‰ü¬Dy-W¡–çA¥說,ˆø“±ŽåŒê‹åß“IžŠ—Žž•s‰Á—v‘f•ŽŒ(’Aìˆ×•oŒê‹åߥ‰ÂˆÈ‰Áã-O) ¡
‡Ujˆø“±Œ`—eŽŒ‹åß“IžŠ—ŽŒ
l ky [kiu] (³Ý˜ô`“I¡‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“IwhoAwhichAthat“™èŒW‘ã–¼ŽŒ“Iã`˜a)
—á‹å: ³Ý›{ŒÂl“däI“I“ߌÂl¥‘¼“I•ƒe¡
(’) ‰ºŠcü•”•ª¥Œ`—eŽŒ‹åß¡
‘æ1—Þ: REnJ QFAAKOn-L EDSTAS-In Ky REn-W DAFEI
ILyUM RI¡
[lein jiu fā kong o lu ei du si ta si yin kiu lein wa da fēi yi liu mu li]
ŒÂl“däI ›{K ³Ý˜ô`“I l¥ 她“I •ƒe
‘æ2—Þ: REn-W Ky EDSTAS-In REnJ FAAKOn-L RI DAFEI ILyUM¡
ŒÂl“däI¥REnJQFAAKOn,‰ÂˆÈk—ªˆ×RF(‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“IPC)¡‰ÁÝ•oŒêã“I—v‘f•ŽŒ-O,‘ü—LÝ–¼ŽŒ‹åß“IŽž,ÝCü‹åß‘¦Œ`—eŽŒ‹å߈½•›ŽŒ‹åß’†Ìˆ×-L¡-L“Iᢉ¹¥[o lu]¡ÝKŠµ”V‘O,›¬-OL–矓–â‘è¡Ky¥ˆêŽí”ñíD—p“IžŠ—ŽŒ,—ÞŽ—‰—äÝ”\èŒW‘ã–¼ŽŒ¡Ý—pŒ`—eŽŒ‹åßCü–¼ŽŒŽž,‘命É‰º‰ÂˆÈ—p”‡ŒÂky¡DAFEI¥DAFE“IŠ—LŠi(‘¦‰pŒê’†“Ihis)¡ILyUM¥úW•ƒeúW“IˆÓŽv¡ìˆ×™Òl,Žg—p”ZŠó˜I•¶ŽšŽž’·Œ³‰¹‘ü—vˆêŒÂŽš‘¦‰Â(—á”@FAAKOn’†“IFAA,•s•K—p3ŒÂŽš•ê,‘ü—v™_ŒÂŽš•êA‰ÂˆÈ—¹) ¡
‡Vjˆø“±•›ŽŒ‹åß“IžŠ—ŽŒ
l EEA [ēia] (ˆ×—¹`AˆÈ`ˆ×–Ú•W¡—RCüŽŒçz‰»Ž§˜Ò,ŠˆÈ‘æ1˜a‘æ2—Þ“I拼›•s“¯¡‘æ2—Þ’†¥EEAL)
—á‹å:‰ä˜ìC——¹“ߌÂH‹ïŽg‘¼˜ì”\夠Žg—p¡
(’) ‰ºŠcü•”•ª¥•›ŽŒ‹åß¡
‘æ1—Þ: SEN FEN BOI QAAMEL-L ULSES
EEA
AHyRIIS-T¡
[sei nu fei nu bo yi qiā mei lu o lu wu lu sei si
ēi a hiu lī si ta]
‰ä˜ì ‘¼–å “ßŒÂ H‹ï Žg—p ”\夠 C——¹
‘æ2—Þ: SEN AHyRIIS-T EEAL FEN ULSES
BOI QAAMEL-L¡
QAAMEL¥úWH‹ïúW“IˆÓŽv, ULSES¥úWŽg—púW, AHyRIIS¥úWC—úW¡•›ŽŒ‹åß’†“IULSES“IŽž‘ÔªŸŽåŒê‹åß“I“®ŽŒAHyRIIS-T“IŽž‘Ô‰üÌ,‰ß‹Ž“IŠˆ—p‰ß‹ŽŽž,“¯Žž“IŠˆ—pŒ»ÝŽž,–¢˜Ò“I˜b‘¥—p›’˜Ò¡ŠY—á‹å’†,C—˜aŽg—pŠÅ쥓¯Žžá¢¶,ˆöŸŽg—p—¹Œ»ÝŽž,’AŽg—p›’˜ÒŽž–祉ˆȓI¡
l EED [ēi du] (˜ô`Žž¡‘æ2—ÞŽžˆ×EEDL)
—á‹å: ‘¼˜ì˜Ò‰Æ—¡Žž,‰äÝŠÅ“dŽ‹¡
‘æ1—Þ: FEN
BIIUS-L ITVIS-T EED SE televi-O MU-TIn¡
[ fei nu bī wu si o lu yi tu vi
si ta ēi du sei tei lei bi o mū ta yin]
‘¼˜ì ‰Æ ˜Ò Žž ‰ä “dŽ‹ ŠÅ
‘æ2—Þ: SE MU-TIn televi-O EEDL FEN ITVIS-T BIIUS-L¡
BIIUS¥úW‰ÆúW“IˆÓŽv, ITVIS¥úW˜Ò–KúW,MU¥úWŠÅúW¡ˆöˆ×¥‰ß‹ŽisŽž,ŠˆÈ̈×MU-TIn
[mū ta yin]¡
l EEF [ēi fu] (”@‰Ê`“I˜b¡‘æ2—ÞŽžˆ×EEFL)
—á‹å: ”@‰Ê•ƒe˜ÒŠÅ‰ä“I˜b,‰ä‘z樑¼‹ŽŠÅŠCàs‘å‹´¡
‘æ1—Þ: ILyUM-W SE-L MUE-AI
ITAM EEF SE MAFE-O ŠCàs‘å‹´-O EGAS < IYUS¡
[`yi liū mu wa sei o lu mū ei ai yi ta mu ēi fu sei ma fei oŠCàs‘å‹´ ei ga si en yi yōu si] •ƒe ‰ä ŠÅ ˜Ò “I ˜b ‰ä(æ¨) ‘¼ ŠCàs‘å‹´ ˜Ò ‘z
‘æ2—Þ: SE IYUS > EGAS MAFE-O Bay Bridge-O EEFL ILyUM-W ITAM MUE-AI SE-L¡
[sei yi yōu si en ei ga si ma fei o ŠCàs‘å‹´ēi fu lu yi liū mu wa yi ta mu mū ei ai sei o lu] ‰ä Œü ‹‹`ŠÅ ‘¼ ŠCàs‘å‹´ ”@‰Ê •ƒe ˜Ò ŠÅ‰ä
ILyUM¥úW•ƒeúW,MUE¥úWŠÅúW,ITAM¥úW˜ÒúW¡EGAS¥”ÛúW‹‹`úW“IˆÓŽv¡
”@‰Ê¥’m“¹•ƒeœk‘ˆÈ‘OA‹Ž¢—¹•s‰Â”\˜Ò“I,‰ÂˆÈ—p•“®ŽŒGITT [gi tu]”‡›õ›:
‘æ2—Þ: ILyUM-W SE-L MUE-AI ITAM EEF SE
MAFE-O ŠCàs‘å‹´-O GITT EGAS > IYUS¡
‘æ2—Þ: SE GITT IYUS > EGAS MAFF-O
Bay Bridge-O EFFL ILyUM-W ITAM MUE-AI SE-L.
”‡ŒÂGITT“Iì—p‘Šác‰—‰pŒê’†“I˜ï’è‰ß‹Ž“I—p–@¡–çA¥說,¥Ý–¾’m“¹EGAS < IYUS (‘æ2—ÞŽžˆ×IYUS > EGAS) ”‡™_ŒÂ“®ŽŒ“I‘g‡¥–³–@›‰Œ»“I‰º說“I¡•À•s¥‘æ1—Þ’†GITTCüEGAS,‘æ2—Þ’†GITTCüIYUS,Ž§¥›’™_ŒÂ“®ŽŒŠÅìㄧŒÂ®é“,Cü”‡ŒÂ®é“¡
Ž–›‰ã,—Lœk‘½’²—ŽŒ“s¥˜ÒŒ¹‰—CüŽŒ(ÅŒãŽOŒÂ•Ö¥”@Ÿ)¡‘œ”‡žé“I’²—ŽŒ,•Û—¯CüŽŒ’†‘æ1—Þ˜a‘æ2—ÞŽŒ”ö“I•s“¯(”ä”@‘æ1—Þ’†“IEEDÝ‘æ2—Þ’†¥EEDL)¡
14) •ŽŒ
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l ”í“®‘Ô•ŽŒ
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JRA BOLT jū~la bo~ru~tou •sŠÇ¥•s¥¬”Nl(BOLT¬”Nl)
JRA EILO jū~la ei~yi~rou •sŠÇ¥•s¥黃F“I (EILO黃F)
—á: •sŠÇ她‹Ž•s‹Ž,‰ä“s˜ð‹Ž¡
‘æ1—Þ: DAFE JRA ITUASE ITU
‘æ2—Þ: DAFE JRA ITU,SE ITU
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NRA ME nei~la mei •s˜_你¥œƒžé“Il( EœäA¨Ž~A«Ši“™)
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‘æ1—Þ: NRA HA IBAAnASE NAI IHSAZ¡
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l ‹^–â•ŽŒ (——R•ŽŒ)
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l ’i—Ž’ñŽ¦•ŽŒ
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l ŒãsŽŒˆ½æsŽŒ’ñŽ¦•ŽŒ
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15) Ž©‘RŽŒ
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